Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus is a disorder in the metabolism and occurs when insulin hormone (a regulator of blood glucose) is not produced in the body, or its production is less than that required by the body, or if the cells of the body are sensitive to They have lost insulin. In the absence of insulin or insulin, sugar can not enter the cells, resulting in high blood sugar. The high sugar levels accumulate in the veins and damage the organs of the body, such as the eyes, the kidneys, nerves and …. No definitive treatment for this disease has yet been found. However, with the basics you can control the diabetes and prevent the complications of the disease.
Types of diabetes:
Generally, diabetes is categorized into three types of type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 Diabetes:
In the past, diabetes was called insulin-dependent. This type of diabetes usually begins in childhood or adolescence, but may begin at any age. Insulin infusion is necessary for people with this type of diabetes to continue their lives.
– This type of diabetes forms 5 to 10 percent of all people with diabetes
Weight loss without a valid reason is evident in this type of disease.
Type 2 diabetes:
Type 2 diabetes is caused by insulin dysfunction. Type 2 diabetes is most commonly seen in the elderly and is usually controlled by diet, exercise, and drug use.
– These types of people are mostly obese or overweight.
Heredity plays a strong role in the development of the disease, although environmental factors such as industrial life and urbanization are the main cause of the increase in the number of people affected.
– Type 2 diabetes is responsible for up to 95% of all people with diabetes
diabetes symptoms :
Symptoms of diabetes vary from person to person depending on the type of diabetes. People with type 1 diabetes are beginning to have a heartbreak, but in patients with type 2 diabetes, the onset of diabetes may be asymptomatic.
– Frequent urination
– Thirst and dry mouth abnormally
Excessive fatigue or lack of energy
– Continuous hunger
– Sudden weight loss
Blurred
– Recurrent infections
– Late wound healing
– skin dryness
– Frequent miscarriage in women
Diabetes predisposing factors:
– More than 40 years old
– Family history of diabetes (especially first degree relatives)
– Immobility
– Weight gain and obesity
– High blood pressure
– Increased blood triglyceride or decreased HDL or both
– Cardiovascular disease
– The history of gestational diabetes
– A birth record of a baby weighing 4 kg or more
– Polycystic ovary syndrome
– History of impaired glucose tolerance test
– Some prone breeds
– Stress
– Inappropriate diet
Complications of diabetes
Every year, many diabetic patients lose their lives or become disabled due to complications. Diabetes can have a negative effect on the heart, kidneys, eyes, nerves and many other organs, causing blindness, kidney failure, cardiovascular disease, amputation and death.
Gestational Diabetes:
A type of diabetes is the first time in pregnancy. During a normal pregnancy, changes occur in the level of the hormone that causes these changes in people who have a favorable background, insulin loses its normal function, resulting in a rise in blood glucose and 40 to 60% Pregnancy improves.
– 4.5 to 6 percent of women, and in some societies, they experience up to 14 percent of this type of diabetes.
Control of gestational diabetes is often possible with the right sport and nutrition program.
How to prevent diabetes?
All people, especially those most at risk of infection, should:
Prevent weight gain and obesity and reduce obesity.
Regular exercise and exercise (such as regular walking)
Do not use too much sugar and fat.
Important Tips for Diabetic Patients?
1. It is better to do a monthly blood glucose test.
2. Cooperate with your healthcare provider and strictly follow the dietary advice and diet
3. Have regular physical activity with your doctor’s opinion
4. Avoid smoking
5. Increase the number of meals, but eat fewer meals at a time
6. Use non-sweet fruits and vegetables in more meals.
7. Avoid consuming sugar and sugar
8. Restrict the consumption of sweet fruits (grapes, melons, dates, berries, etc.) and sweet cherries (dried currant, raisins, etc.) in your diet.
9. Use more grains in your daily diet plan
10. Take wholemeal bread
11. Use starchy material such as bread, rice, potatoes, wheat, barley and pasta just to the point where it does not increase weight.
12. Reduce the consumption of fats (use cholesterol-free liquid oil).
13. Use comfortable shoes and thick cotton socks.
14. Keep your leg nails short
Prepared :
Shirin Sidheshami Educational Supervisor
Robab Admission Expert Quality Improvement
Date of editing: October 2014
Revision date: December 1395
