Types of diabetes:
Generally, diabetes is categorized into three types of type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes.

Type 1 Diabetes:
In the past, diabetes was called insulin-dependent. This type of diabetes usually begins in childhood or adolescence, but may begin at any age. Insulin infusion is necessary for people with this type of diabetes to continue their lives.
– This type of diabetes forms 5 to 10 percent of all people with diabetes
Weight loss without a valid reason is evident in this type of disease.

Type 2 diabetes:
Type 2 diabetes is caused by insulin dysfunction. Type 2 diabetes is most commonly seen in the elderly and is usually controlled by diet, exercise, and drug use.
– These types of people are mostly obese or overweight.
Heredity plays a strong role in the development of the disease, although environmental factors such as industrial life and urbanization are the main cause of the increase in the number of people affected.
– Type 2 diabetes is responsible for up to 95% of all people with diabetes
diabetes symptoms :

Symptoms of diabetes vary from person to person depending on the type of diabetes. People with type 1 diabetes are beginning to have a heartbreak, but in patients with type 2 diabetes, the onset of diabetes may be asymptomatic.

– Frequent urination
– Thirst and dry mouth abnormally
Excessive fatigue or lack of energy
– Continuous hunger
– Sudden weight loss
Blurred
– Recurrent infections
– Late wound healing
– skin dryness
– Frequent miscarriage in women

Diabetes predisposing factors:
– More than 40 years old
– Family history of diabetes (especially first degree relatives)
– Immobility
– Weight gain and obesity
– High blood pressure
– Increased blood triglyceride or decreased HDL or both
– Cardiovascular disease
– The history of gestational diabetes
– A birth record of a baby weighing 4 kg or more
– Polycystic ovary syndrome
– History of impaired glucose tolerance test
– Some prone breeds
– Stress
– Inappropriate diet

Complications of diabetes
Every year, many diabetic patients lose their lives or become disabled due to complications. Diabetes can have a negative effect on the heart, kidneys, eyes, nerves and many other organs, causing blindness, kidney failure, cardiovascular disease, amputation and death.

Gestational Diabetes:
A type of diabetes is the first time in pregnancy. During a normal pregnancy, changes occur in the level of the hormone that causes these changes in people who have a favorable background, insulin loses its normal function, resulting in a rise in blood glucose and 40 to 60% Pregnancy improves.
– 4.5 to 6 percent of women, and in some societies, they experience up to 14 percent of this type of diabetes.
Control of gestational diabetes is often possible with the right sport and nutrition program.
How to prevent diabetes?
All people, especially those most at risk of infection, should:
 Prevent weight gain and obesity and reduce obesity.
 Regular exercise and exercise (such as regular walking)
 Do not use too much sugar and fat.

Important Tips for Diabetic Patients?
1. It is better to do a monthly blood glucose test.
2. Cooperate with your healthcare provider and strictly follow the dietary advice and diet
3. Have regular physical activity with your doctor’s opinion
4. Avoid smoking
5. Increase the number of meals, but eat fewer meals at a time
6. Use non-sweet fruits and vegetables in more meals.
7. Avoid consuming sugar and sugar
8. Restrict the consumption of sweet fruits (grapes, melons, dates, berries, etc.) and sweet cherries (dried currant, raisins, etc.) in your diet.
9. Use more grains in your daily diet plan
10. Take wholemeal bread
11. Use starchy material such as bread, rice, potatoes, wheat, barley and pasta just to the point where it does not increase weight.
12. Reduce the consumption of fats (use cholesterol-free liquid oil).
13. Use comfortable shoes and thick cotton socks.
14. Keep your leg nails short

Prepared :
Shirin Sidheshami Educational Supervisor
Robab Admission Expert Quality Improvement
Date of editing: October 2014
Revision date: December 1395

نوشته Diabetes اولین بار در Shams Hospital. پدیدار شد.

High blood pressure risk
heart attack
stroke
Kidney disease
Vision problems

You are likely to have high blood pressure if:
You are overweight
You are a smoker
You are low mobility
Your family has a history of hypertension

Symptoms of high blood pressure
High blood pressure can be asymptomatic for many years, or it may be associated with symptoms such as back pain, especially in the morning, when it wakes up, dizziness, and palpitations.

Factors that affect high blood pressure

In most cases, the cause of high blood pressure is unknown, but the following factors are effective in exacerbating the disease.
Diabetes – nervous pressure – increased blood lipids – smoking – lack of exercise and exercise – high salt intake – contraceptive pills – consumption of corticosteroids

How to prevent high blood pressure?

A) Diet compliance

Reduce the amount of fat you use: It is better to use olive oil, soy and canola instead of butter and solid oil. In general, less fuel should be used in cooking food.
Remove meat and chicken fat before cooking.
Egg yolk can be limited to 2 times a week.
Avoid eating hearts, rubbish, chopsticks and brains.
Use a boiled, steamed or grilled boil instead of frying food.
Eat at least 2 meals a day (avoid smoked, canned fish or tuna fish for salt reasons)
In meals, eat enough beans, such as lentils, peas, vegetables.
Consume enough fiber foods, especially fruits and vegetables.
Decrease the amount of salt in your diet (5 grams per day = 1 teaspoon of smooth head)
Avoid excessive amounts of starchy (sweets) that lead to overweight.

Note that high fiber intake can also lead to lower levels of lipids.
Note that reducing salt intake for patients with high blood pressure and heart disease, or patients with kidney problems.

B) Exercise
Performing exercise lowers blood pressure by 5 to 15 mmHg. Physical activity and exercise should be carried out continuously (three times a week, every half an hour walking)
If exercise stops, blood pressure will return to the amount before exercise.

C) weight loss
Reduce your weight in case of obesity

D) regular use of medications
Abnormal intake or discontinuation of blood pressure lowering drugs without doctor’s advice results in uncompensated side effects.
Healthy people need to measure their blood pressure once a year, because high blood pressure often has no symptoms. Persons with high blood pressure should check their blood pressure regularly and take full urine every 6 months, under the supervision of their physician.

E) non-smoking
Avoid smoking any tobacco and tobacco Nicotine in cigarettes and tobacco causes narrowing of the veins and increase heart rate and increase blood pressure.

With rapid diagnosis and timely treatment of high blood pressure, many of its complications can be prevented

Blood pressure is higher in standing and sitting position than sleeping position

Source:
Harrison 2008
Bruner Nursing
(Cardiovascular Diseases 2008)

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